Использование HMAC с SHA-256

.env.default

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+KEY="sicret_key"

Block.py

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+import json
+import os
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from nonce_finder import NonceFinder
+
+
+class Block:
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            name,
+            amount,
+            to_whom_name,
+            nonce=0,
+            prev_hash='00000000000000000000000000000000'
+    ):
+        self.name = name
+        self.amount = amount
+        self.to_whom_name = to_whom_name
+        self.nonce = nonce
+        self.prev_hash = prev_hash
+        self.standard_path = 'blockchain_blocks/'
+        dotenv_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '.env')
+        if os.path.exists(dotenv_path):
+            load_dotenv(dotenv_path)
+        self.key = os.environ.get('KEY')
+
+    def get_last_block(self):
+        """ Получение номера последнего блока """
+        try:
+            files = [int(f.split('.')[0])
+                     for f in os.listdir(self.standard_path) if f.endswith('.txt')]
+            return max(files, default=0)
+        except ValueError:
+            return 0
+
+    def data_creator(self):
+        """ Создание данных блока """
+        return [
+            {'nonce': self.nonce},
+            {'from': self.name, 'amount': self.amount, 'to_whom': self.to_whom_name},
+            {'preview_hash': self.prev_hash}
+        ]
+
+    def get_last_block_hash(self, filename):
+        """ Получение хэша последнего блока """
+        with open(
+                os.path.join(self.standard_path, str(int(filename) - 1) + '.txt'),
+                'r'
+        ) as file:
+            return json.load(file)[1]
+
+    def block_creator(self):
+        """ Создание нового блока """
+        last_file = self.get_last_block()
+        filename = str(last_file + 1)
+        data = self.data_creator()
+        if last_file != 0:
+            data[2]['preview_hash'] = self.get_last_block_hash(filename)
+        block_hash = NonceFinder(data, 4, self.key).create_pow()[1]
+        result_dump_data = [data, block_hash]
+        with open(os.path.join(self.standard_path, filename + '.txt'), 'w') as file:
+            json.dump(result_dump_data, file, indent=4, ensure_ascii=False)
+        if last_file == 0:
+            print('[+] Создан первый блок')
+        else:
+            print(f'[+] Блок {filename} создан')
+
+    def blockchain_checker(self):
+        """ Проверка целостности блокчейна """
+        files = sorted([f for f in os.listdir(self.standard_path) if f.endswith('.txt')],
+                       key=lambda x: int(x.split('.')[0]))
+        for file in files[1:]:
+            with open(os.path.join(self.standard_path, file), 'r') as current_file:
+                current_block = json.load(current_file)
+                prev_hash = current_block[0][2]['preview_hash']
+            prev_file = str(int(file.split('.')[0]) - 1) + ".txt"
+            with open(os.path.join(self.standard_path, prev_file), 'r') as _file:
+                prev_block_data = json.load(_file)[0]
+            real_prev_block_hash = NonceFinder(
+                prev_block_data,
+                4,
+                self.key
+            ).create_pow()[1]
+            if prev_hash == real_prev_block_hash:
+                print(f'[+] Блок {prev_file} верен')
+            else:
+                print(f'[-] В блоке {prev_file} допущена ошибка!')
+        if len(files) <= 1:
+            print('[+] Для начала проверки цепочки блоков, создайте больше блоков!')

blockchain_blocks/1.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 19
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "00000000000000000000000000000000"
+        }
+    ],
+    "0c5955b05fb75c1708d05dd4e2e2300e6758ffcdf4fe0a25d7293c102daf9781"
+]

blockchain_blocks/10.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 25
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "0cbe01edb3f7f3996303e7cfe3fbd65798a62395c6fcf8b81a367029829b6be7"
+        }
+    ],
+    "025bd21c54fd5a884de2be718f4e049bbc72cd5db2b5e1dcce7a356a8f53975a"
+]

blockchain_blocks/11.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 37
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "025bd21c54fd5a884de2be718f4e049bbc72cd5db2b5e1dcce7a356a8f53975a"
+        }
+    ],
+    "07aab394731dc039195ad5c6c5a7bb7af66951afbf9ada85524fdcf19ab07b98"
+]

blockchain_blocks/12.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 0
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "07aab394731dc039195ad5c6c5a7bb7af66951afbf9ada85524fdcf19ab07b98"
+        }
+    ],
+    "0d263ee60a28d4e6230a9980b10761ec1039a39b497e508530143a702c3efe47"
+]

blockchain_blocks/13.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 6
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "0d263ee60a28d4e6230a9980b10761ec1039a39b497e508530143a702c3efe47"
+        }
+    ],
+    "03c9615b639aa5350dfd3aa8ac9b405ee6cd3d556cf4e55a3a912f0ca7c3a45b"
+]

blockchain_blocks/2.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 17
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "0c5955b05fb75c1708d05dd4e2e2300e6758ffcdf4fe0a25d7293c102daf9781"
+        }
+    ],
+    "08cf9f3a545684c6e9509b5b85717da1007710c363303d8077ac3dc4770af892"
+]

blockchain_blocks/3.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 12
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "08cf9f3a545684c6e9509b5b85717da1007710c363303d8077ac3dc4770af892"
+        }
+    ],
+    "0666bdd3addb25eb0c3a7a87df7ffdceaf4e0cd12310bc279d61c47fe9c5b6cd"
+]

blockchain_blocks/4.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 1
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "0666bdd3addb25eb0c3a7a87df7ffdceaf4e0cd12310bc279d61c47fe9c5b6cd"
+        }
+    ],
+    "02e234bf063fba31a1824bb318bd9b99de3c2c8581796f764044eb244f569069"
+]

blockchain_blocks/5.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 21
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "02e234bf063fba31a1824bb318bd9b99de3c2c8581796f764044eb244f569069"
+        }
+    ],
+    "0501207886e3008ab0fb5ce4def8805feb8feae9260be2ea317d2a6c452ba3e5"
+]

blockchain_blocks/6.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 6
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "0501207886e3008ab0fb5ce4def8805feb8feae9260be2ea317d2a6c452ba3e5"
+        }
+    ],
+    "024b09c7b1535ebcfa0358043ebd41886066260bc5c7b6bd040a3b7591e27ff9"
+]

blockchain_blocks/7.txt

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+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 38
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "024b09c7b1535ebcfa0358043ebd41886066260bc5c7b6bd040a3b7591e27ff9"
+        }
+    ],
+    "08785202610c8ff63d151b0df7a53f2b22fbc5cfb149cfeb0ba79b63710df9e6"
+]

blockchain_blocks/8.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 6
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "08785202610c8ff63d151b0df7a53f2b22fbc5cfb149cfeb0ba79b63710df9e6"
+        }
+    ],
+    "06c09c9cf00307b85af725eb39a91e6bc88f0aa9650584a4050c2416efecbd1a"
+]

blockchain_blocks/9.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+    [
+        {
+            "nonce": 6
+        },
+        {
+            "from": "from",
+            "amount": 100,
+            "to_whom": "to_whom"
+        },
+        {
+            "preview_hash": "06c09c9cf00307b85af725eb39a91e6bc88f0aa9650584a4050c2416efecbd1a"
+        }
+    ],
+    "0cbe01edb3f7f3996303e7cfe3fbd65798a62395c6fcf8b81a367029829b6be7"
+]

main.py

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-# This is a sample Python script.
+import sys
-
+from Block import Block
-# Press Shift+F10 to execute it or replace it with your code.
-# Press Double Shift to search everywhere for classes, files, tool windows, actions, and settings.
 
 
-def print_hi(name):
+def main():
-    # Use a breakpoint in the code line below to debug your script.
+    if len(sys.argv) == 4:
-    print(f'Hi, {name}')  # Press Ctrl+F8 to toggle the breakpoint.
+        block = Block(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])
+    else:
+        block = Block('from', 100, 'to_whom')
+    block.block_creator()
+    block.blockchain_checker()
 
 
-# Press the green button in the gutter to run the script.
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    print_hi('PyCharm')
+    main()
-
-# See PyCharm help at https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/

nonce_finder.py

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+import itertools
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+
+
+class NonceFinder:
+    def __init__(self, data, difficulty, key):
+        self.data = data
+        self.difficulty = difficulty
+        self.key = key
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_long(x):
+        return sum(ord(b) << (8 * i) for i, b in enumerate(x))
+
+    def verify_pow(self, nonce):
+        self.data[0]['nonce'] = nonce
+        # Использование HMAC с SHA-256
+        combined_data = str(self.data).encode()
+        hmac_result = hmac.new(self.key.encode(), combined_data, hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
+        return self.to_long(list(hmac_result)) % (1 << self.difficulty) == 0
+
+    def create_pow(self):
+        for nonce in itertools.count(0):
+            if self.verify_pow(nonce):
+                combined_data = str(self.data).encode()
+                hmac_result = hmac.new(
+                    self.key.encode(),
+                    combined_data,
+                    hashlib.sha256
+                ).hexdigest()
+                return nonce, hmac_result

poetry.lock

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+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.7.1 and should not be changed by hand.
+
+[[package]]
+name = "python-dotenv"
+version = "1.0.0"
+description = "Read key-value pairs from a .env file and set them as environment variables"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "python-dotenv-1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a8df96034aae6d2d50a4ebe8216326c61c3eb64836776504fcca410e5937a3ba"},
+    {file = "python_dotenv-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:f5971a9226b701070a4bf2c38c89e5a3f0d64de8debda981d1db98583009122a"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+cli = ["click (>=5.0)"]
+
+[metadata]
+lock-version = "2.0"
+python-versions = "^3.11"
+content-hash = "c5e9d7ef80551206531e74c9c51ba97d4b66d8df66a3398da6afb0391f703375"

pyproject.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ readme = "README.md"
 
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = "^3.11"
+python-dotenv = "^1.0.0"
 
 
 [build-system]